A Sikh Traveler’s Guide to the Sacred Gurdwaras in Pakistan
Pakistan, the birthplace of Sikhism’s founder Guru Nanak Dev Ji, is home to some of the most sacred and historically significant gurdwaras in the world. From complexes to smaller shrines, the country offers a spiritual haven for Sikh yatris (pilgrims) who come to reconnect with their faith and heritage. This in-depth guide explores all major gurdwaras in Pakistan, their historical importance, architectural splendor, and spiritual essence, offering insights for Sikh pilgrims and history enthusiasts.
The Historical Importance of Gurdwaras in Pakistan
Pakistan is where Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, was born and began spreading his teachings. With 195 historical gurdwaras in Pakistan, the country holds immense spiritual significance for Sikhs worldwide. While many gurdwaras are under restoration, key sites such as Gurdwara Nankana Sahib, Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, and Gurdwara Panja Sahib serve as pilgrimage hubs, welcoming thousands of devotees every year.
List of Gurdwaras in Pakistan
Here is a detailed list of the most famous gurdwaras:
- Gurdwara Nankana Sahib
- Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Kartarpur
- Gurdwara Panja Sahib, Hasan Abdal
- Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Lahore
- Gurdwara Rori Sahib, Eminabad Gujranwala
- Gurdwara Kali Devi, Dera Ismail Khan
- Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh, Peshawar
- Gurdwara Bal Lilah, Nankana Sahib
- Gurdwara Diwan Kaura Mal
- Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Bhai Taru Singh, Lahore
- Gurdwara Kiara Sahib, Nankana Sahib
Detailed Insights into Gurdwaras in Pakistan
1. Gurdwara Nankana Sahib
Gurdwara Nankana Sahib, also known as Gurdwara Janam Asthan, is one of the most esteemed Sikh shrines in the world. Baba Guru Nanak Gurdwara in Pakistan is located 75 km southwest of Lahore in Nankana Sahib, Punjab. This sacred site marks the birthplace of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism. Renowned for its deep spiritual significance, the gurdwara draws pilgrims from across the globe, serving as a hub of belief, unity, and the timeless teachings of Guru Nanak.
Architectural Features:
- Rectangular compound with a grand golden entrance.
- Two-story structure adorned with white domes and lotus motifs.
- Saroor Sahib, a sacred water pool, and memorials honoring Punjabi Sikh Sangat.
Facilities:
- Accommodations include rooms, a large kitchen, a dining room, and seating space for 500 pilgrims.
- Langar halls serve free meals to visitors.
Tip: Visit Guru Nanak Gurpurab to experience the vibrant celebrations and kirtan.
2. Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Kartarpur
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, commonly known as Kartarpur Sahib, is a sacred Sikh shrine in Kartarpur, within the Narowal District of Punjab, Pakistan. This holiest and biggest gurdwara in Pakistan marks the historic location where Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, spent his final years, nurturing the Sikh community after completing his spiritual journeys. Just five kilometers from the Indo-Pak border, the gurdwara holds unique significance as it bridges two nations, with its towering structure visible from the Indian side. Its proximity to the border emphasizes its role as a symbol of peace and unity, drawing pilgrims from both countries and beyond.
Architectural Highlights:
- White-marble complex with sculpted archways and a central shrine.
- Guru Nanak’s well, which he used to water fields, is preserved and honored as Amrit Jal.Â
- Gurdwara Darbar Sahib has a 400-acre area, in which 42 acres comprise the main structure.
Facilities:
- Accommodations, greenery, handicraft stores, and langar halls.
Tip: Plan your visit during Vaisakhi for a memorable spiritual journey.
3. Gurdwara Panja Sahib, Hasan Abdal
Situated near Hasan Abdal, at a distance of 45 kilometers from Rawalpindi, this famous gurdwara of Sikhs in Pakistan is named after the sacred handprint (panja) of Guru Nanak on a rock. According to Sikh legend, Guru Nanak and Bhai Mardana arrived here in the summer of 1521 CE (Baisakh Samwat 1578 B.K.) and began reciting kirtan under a shady tree, attracting devotees. This annoyed a local saint, Shah Wali Qandhari, who refused Mardana’s polite requests for water and mocked him, asking him to seek help from his Guru. In response, Guru Nanak moved a rock, revealing a pure, endless spring of water that quenched Mardana’s thirst. Witnessing his fountain dry up, an enraged Wali hurled part of a mountain at the Guru, which he stopped with his hand, leaving Guru Nanak’s handprint on the boulder.Â
Historical Features:
- The site was later named Panja Sahib by Hari Singh Nalwa.Â
- It was developed into a grand shrine in Mughal style by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Facilities:
- A courtyard, dormitory, main temple, and pool for ritual cleansing remain central features of this spiritually significant gurdwara.
- A dining hall accommodating over 1,000 people.
Tip: Witness the twice-a-year pilgrimages that bring together Sikhs and Hindus in harmony.
4. Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Lahore
This Gurdwara in Lahore Pakistan commemorates the martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Sikh Guru. Its central location which is close to Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque makes it a must-visit cultural site.Â
Guru Arjan Dev Ji endured torture on the orders of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, with intercession from his friend, the mystic Mian Mir. After being granted permission to bathe in the river, the Guru disappeared, marking the location as sacred. Guru Hargobind later built a memorial in 1619, with the main gurdwara’s gilded dome added during Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s reign.
Architectural Marvel:
- Golden dome with Mughal-style inlay work.
- Paintings and floral motifs depicting Sikh history.
Tip: Pair your visit with a tour of the nearby historical landmarks for a fulfilling experience.
5. Gurdwara Rori Sahib, Eminabad Gujranwala
This archaeological gurdwara in Pakistan is where Guru Nanak meditated during Babur’s invasion. Gurdwara Rori Sahib, situated near Eminabad, 15 kilometers from the City of Wrestlers, is a significant Sikh shrine built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh to honor the spot where Guru Nanak sought refuge. Though its establishment date remains unknown, historians estimate it is as old as over two centuries.
The name “Rori,” meaning pebbles in Punjabi, reflects Sikh lore that Guru Nanak spent the night here amidst heaps of stones and rubbish. Historically a vibrant site for Baisakhi celebrations, this sacred space continues to draw Sikh and Hindu pilgrims, preserving its historical and spiritual legacy.
Architectural Highlights:
- The gurdwara’s three-story structure, crafted from molded red bricks, features three grand domes.Â
- It has a rectangular courtyard connecting the temple’s entrance to its sanctum and an ablution pool.
Tip: Visit during Baisakhi to experience the cultural vibrancy of this sacred site.
6. Gurdwara Kali Devi, Dera Ismail Khan
Gurdwara Kali Devi, located in Dera Ismail Khan, stands out for its distinctive structure, which resembles a Hindu temple, reflecting its origins as a shrine dedicated to Goddess Kali. According to folklore, the temple’s idol repeatedly fell during Guru Nanak’s visit to the town, prompting the priest to seek the Guru’s guidance. Guru Nanak introduced him to Sikh teachings, leading to the abandonment of idol worship. Over time, Hindu priests resumed worship at the site, which eventually came to be known as Gurdwara Kali Devi.
Unique Architecture:Â
- Retains its temple-like structure, making it stand out among other gurdwaras.
Tip: Explore its history with a local guide to better understand its transformation.
7. Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh, Peshawar
This 200-year-old gurdwara honors the loyalty and devotion of Bhai Joga Singh, a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh, located in Mohalla Jogan Shah near Peshawar’s historic Qissa Khawani Bazaar and Namak Mandi, is a significant landmark tied to Sikh heritage. Initially constructed nearly 200 years ago by a local devotee and companion of Bhai Joga Singh, the gurdwara was later renovated by Hari Singh Nalwah, a general in Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s army. The Sikh philanthropist Bahi Jay Mal undertook further expansions before the partition.Â
Architecture Features:
- Traditional Sikh architecture and a historic well.
- Proximity to Peshawar’s Qissa Khwani Bazaar.
Tip: Don’t miss the local bazaars near the gurdwara for a cultural experience.
8. Gurdwara Bal Lilah, Nankana Sahib
Gurdwara Bal Lila, situated in Nankana Sahib, Pakistan, commemorates the early childhood of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, born in this town on April 15, 1469. Located about 300 meters southeast of Gurdwara Janam Asthan, this site marks the field where the young Guru played with friends, imparting the divine wisdom of the Naam (God’s name) even in his infancy. The original sacred pond, Nanaksar, was constructed by Rai Bular, the ruler of Talwandi, and later expanded by Guru Hargobind during his visit. In 1748, Diwan Kaura Mal, a nobleman, further developed the gurdwara, lining parts of the pond and solidifying its historical significance.
Key Features:
- Nanaksar is a sacred pond built by Rai Bular.
- Houses Guru Nanak’s cradle, known as Cunni Sahib.
Tip: Pair this visit with Gurdwara Nankana Sahib to trace Guru Nanak’s early life.
9. Gurdwara Diwan Kaura Mal
Gurdwara Diwan Kaura Mal was constructed in 1748 by Diwan Kaura Mal. Maharaja Ranjit Singh reconstructed the site and enhanced its significance by expanding and properly lining the Sarovar Nanaksar, ensuring its preservation for future generations. This site highlights the contributions of Sikh philanthropists.Â
Architectural Highlights:
- A three-story domed structure with intricate carvings.
- A Sarovar (water tank) lined with marble.
Tip: Visit during Sikh celebrations to experience community gatherings and kirtan performances.
10. Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Bhai Taru Singh, Lahore
This sikh gurdwara in Lahore, Pakistan is situated near Naulakha Bazar. It commemorates the sacred site where Bhai Taru Singh, a Sikh martyr who faced persecution with unshakable faith, was executed.Â
Bhai Taru Singh, known for his selfless service to the Sikh community and tireless dedication to his beliefs, became a target of oppression. When ordered to renounce his faith, he refused, enduring brutal torture, including being scalped alive with a hoe, while steadfastly chanting “Waheguru.” His martyrdom on Asu 13th, 1802 BK (1745 CE) marked a profound moment of defiance against tyranny. The gurdwara at this site, established by devoted Sikhs, served as an inspiration during the Sikh Raj and honors his resilience and sacrifice for his faith, now managed by the Pakistan Waqf Board.
Tip: Engage with the caretakers to learn more about Bhai Taru Singh’s inspiring story.
11. Gurdwara Kiara Sahib, Nankana Sahib
Gurdwara Kiara Sahib, located 1.5 kilometers from Gurdwara Janam Asthan in Nankana Sahib, marks the site of a miraculous event from Guru Nanak’s youth. According to Janam Sakhi, while grazing cattle, the young Guru became absorbed in deep thought under a tree, during which the cattle wandered into a farmer’s fields. Enraged, the farmer complained to Rai Bular, the local chief. However, upon inspecting the fields, they found no damage, and the trampled crops miraculously turned green when Guru Nanak cast his gaze upon them. This act amazed both Hindus and Muslims.
The Gurdwara is situated in this historic field. Managed by the Sikh Panth after 1921, it came under the Pakistan Waqf Board’s care following the partition in 1947. Currently, ceremonial prayers with Sri Guru Granth Sahib are not conducted, though the site remains a symbol of Guru Nanak’s divine presence and teachings.
Architectural Simplicity:
- Gurdwara Kiara Sahib features a large building, a boundary wall, and a sarovar (sacred pool), though the tank has since dried.
- It reflects Guru Nanak’s humble beginnings.
Tip: Spend time meditating here to connect with the gurdwara’s spiritual essence.
Conclusion: Experience the Legacy of Sikhism in Pakistan
Exploring gurdwaras in Pakistan is more than a pilgrimage—it’s a journey through history, faith, and cultural harmony. From the serene Gurdwara Nankana Sahib to the historic 100-year-old gurdwara in Daultala Punjab Pakistan, each site offers a unique spiritual experience that Sikhs should experience at least once in their lifetime.Â
Let Guide to Pakistan assist you in planning your visit, ensuring a smooth and fulfilling journey through the sacred landmarks of Sikhism.
